Role of Social Media in Education Sector

Question: Expound on theRole of Social Media in Education Sector. Answer: Presentation The use of informal organizations (SNs) is a making wonder in both individual and canny life. Interpersonal organizations imply mechanical congregations utilized to draw in clients for social connection. It enhancements and updates educating in standard study halls. The capacity of internet based life to make intuition and encouraged push to profit learning was seen early, and expansive examination to date has been driven in instruction. For instance, Facebook, YouTube, web journals and wikis give a tremendous proportion of significouldce on a wide arrangement of subjects. The pivotal objectives of this review are to find the effect of social structures association contraptions on the frameworks for learning and instruction normally, to inspect the standard issues that understudies confront while utilizing these systems, and to pick if the standard learning methodology should be changed in this season of Web 2.0 advances (Vasilijevi? 2015). Writing Review Informal communities in Education In the couple of past years, there has been snappy progression in the attainable quality and take-up by different schools and colleges of exhibiting their courses to their understudies on the web, and the sufficiency of learning by utilizing contrasting social systems association contraptions has stretched out because of the expansion in blueprint of these electronic courses for understudies. With the expanding headway of PC innovation, the strategy for study hall educating has moreover changed from plain conveys to interactive media introductions (Beatty 2013). The basic three best informal organizations in instruction are Facebook, Twitter and Classroom 2.0 (Tess 2013). Understudies once in a while utilize by and large informal organizations (i.e., Twitter, Facebook, Classroom 2.0, YouTube, etc) for assorted responsibilities and around 60% of these understudies state they utilize social structures association mechanical congregations to banter about classes, for taking in outside from school, and getting ready for school (Masic, Sivic and Pandza 2012). Understudies also account that they are utilizing text informing, talking, online discussions and blogging, for example, MySpace and Facebook for informational occasions, checking joint effort on school ventures. Twitter, Facebook and YouTube are the contraptions generally abused by the understudies since clients, and especially understudies, interface and exchange information in feasibly reasonable manners (Saw et al. 2013). The Positive Impact of Social Networking in Education The effect of person to person communication has been exemplified by the use of three models (Hogg 2016). 'Abstract norm,' 'bunch standard,' and 'social personality' models have all shown the impact of long range informal communication on people conduct. The impact on understudies of seeing the significouldce of informal organizations has changed their direct by attracting with their conventional points of interest and obsessions. E-learning has transformed into a fit contraption these days and makes an extreme impact on its customers. It gives modified, wise learning and could in addition bolster self-inspiration. This mechanical party realized a development in the enthusiasm for e-learning market that has ended up being basic for a couple of establishments and schools since it helps them to continue and to be successful (Alexa, Alexa and Stoica 2012). There are four basic social programming mechanical assemblies: 1) Collaborate data disclosure, 2) Connectivity and social compatibil ity, 3) Content criticism, and 4) Content change and information and data gathering (Thackeray, Neiger and Keller 2012). Wilson (2013) offers four built up models for consuming SNs: 1) Form a social occasion (by exchanging information), 2) Empower energetic people (to benefit by every contraption and change it to important information), 3) Come up with an awe inspiring idea (to confer to other people), and 4) Meet a need to make a relationship (through chasing down what satisfies you). Casual correspondence makes customers more prodded to learn, especially in cutting edge training. Understudies have the receptiveness to make an open profile to bestow to different customers (Fardoun et al. 2012). It is astoundingly esteemed for teachers to be able to post through online systems administration media destinations about class works out, schoolwork coursework and even school events. This guides the instructors, gatekeepers and understudies to all remain in understanding about what is continuing at school. Destinations like Facebook moreover engage educators to easily give through private messages to gatekeepers and understudies as opposed to leaving phone messages and hold on for a return to (Ranieri, Manca and Fini 2012). The Negative Impact of Social Networking in Education An audit by Paul, Baker and Cochran (2012) displays that understudies' assessments could be affected unfavorably by using long range interpersonal communication contraptions and passing by heaps of locales. Understudies could without a doubt be preoccupied from an undertaking, and it could be wearisome for teachers to tell who is centering or not. Like this, putting more vitality in Facebook appears to achieve a bringing down of understudy assessments. What's more, a couple of students are not using the system, for example, e-learning, in fitting ways, which has moreover achieved neglect to gain ground (Clark and Mayer 2016). Informal organizations enable people to post everything - different understudies who use Facebook for posting embarrassing, unsettling, and ruinous substance in substance, photos, and chronicles which hurt others (Kwan and Skoric 2013). Understudies may manhandle having the extension to get to virtual systems administration in the study hall and use it for discr ete uses as opposed to for school related errands. If understudies are not for all intents and purposes checked it is trying to separate how, if by any stretch of the imagination, that they are misusing web based systems administration misguidedly in the midst of class time (Fewkes and McCabe 2012). On the off chance that understudies are recognized for taking consideration in class talks through virtual systems administration destinations, this could impact their capacity to connect with very close and vis-à-vis conditions (Friesen and Lowe 2012). A couple of understudies have gone over virtual irritating by means of virtual systems administration destinations. In the event that virtual systems administration is passable in schools, this could increase virtual pestering where understudies set up malignant messages focusing on hassling various understudies (Whittaker and Kowalski 2015). Benchmarking Analysis of Higher Education The advanced education segment is confronting expanding rivalry, worries for responsibility and the enormous measure of accessible data is changing the activities of advanced education establishment. Online life has been helping them successfully and profitably order the economical and significant changes, and is incorporating the craving for persistent learning. Advanced education and its establishments search for getting spoke to in the media in a cutting edge and outwardly engaging way. Individuals rely upon web based life for illuminating questions and sharing data, which the advanced education establishments can use for sharing significant updates. Internet based life helps by being brief and expert. Advanced education establishments can utilize it spread occasions and offer significant subtleties. Online networking is likewise intended to give confirmations to the clients to fabricate their certainty, which the advanced education part can use to communicate sentiments and give a protected and secure stage for information sharing. End This paper inspected a part of the positive and negative impressions of using person to person communication as a technique for getting the hang of, suggesting that a high pace of understudies were impacted emphatically. In addition, Web 2.0 instruments, for example, sites, Facebook, Twitter, and online courses, are giving understudies better learning opportunities to redesign their enlightening execution. From this time forward, it could be contemplated that the standard learning and demonstrating styles ought to be adjusted in the hour of Web 2.0 progressions to engage understudies to take in additional. References Alexa, E.L., Alexa, M. what's more, Stoica, C.M., 2012. The utilization of web based advertising and online life in advanced education establishments in Romania.Journal of Marketing Research Case Studies,2012, p.1. Beatty, K., 2013.Teaching exploring: Computer-helped language learning. Routledge. Clark, R.C. what's more, Mayer, R.E., 2016.E-learning and the study of guidance: Proven rules for customers and planners of interactive media learning. John Wiley Sons. Fardoun, H.M., Alghazzawi, D.M., Lpez, S.R., Penichet, V.M. also, Gallud, J.A., 2012. Online interpersonal organizations sway in auxiliary training. InInternational Workshop on Evidence-Based Technology Enhanced Learning(pp. 37-45). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Fewkes, A.M. also, McCabe, M., 2012. Facebook: Learning apparatus or distraction?.Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education,28(3), pp.92-98. Friesen, N. also, Lowe, S., 2012. The flawed guarantee of web based life for training: Connective learning and the business imperative.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning,28(3), pp.183-194. Hogg, M.A., 2016. Social personality hypothesis. InUnderstanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory(pp. 3-17). Springer International Publishing. Kwan, G.C.E. also, Skoric, M.M., 2013. Facebook tormenting: An expansion of fights in school.Computers in Human Behavior,29(1), pp.16-25. Masic, I., Sivic, S. also, Pandza, H., 2012. Informal organizations in clinical instruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Materia socio-medica,24(3), p.162. Paul, J.A., Baker, H.M. also, Cochran, J.D., 2012. Impact of online person to person communication on understudy scholastic performance.Computers in Human Behavior,28(6), pp.2117-2127. Ranieri, M., Manca, S. also, Fini, A., 2012. Why (and how) do instructors participate in interpersonal organizations? An exploratory investigation of expert utilization of Facebook and its suggestions for long lasting learning.British Journal

The Islands Cuba, Barbados, and the Netherlands Antilles Essay

The Islands Cuba, Barbados, and the Netherlands Antilles - Essay Example A large number of the first occupants passed on from maladies that were brought to Cuba by the showing up mariners. The principal Spanish settlements were built up in Cuba in 1511. This compares near the primary appearance of the Spanish in the Netherlands Antilles in the mid 1500s. The Spanish additionally reached Barbados in 1536. Spanish conquistadors held onto the Caribs on Barbados to be utilized as ranch slaves and when the British settlements showed up during the 1620s, the island was uninhabited. Inside 100 years of contact by Spanish travelers, each of the three local populaces had been annihilated or subjugated. During the 1600s, the standard of the islands changed hands from the Spanish to other European nations. Cuba stayed a Spanish state while Barbados was settled as a British province. The Dutch caught the Netherlands Antilles during the 1600s. Under European pilgrim rule, every one of the three islands experienced comparative circumstances during the years 1600-1900. During these hundreds of years, each of the three settlements abused the sugar advertise. The enormous sugar manors required the importation of subjection. The slave work was principally from Africa, however Barbados imported slaves from the Celtic countries of Scotland and Ireland. Subjection was annulled in every one of the three provinces in the nineteenth century. ... The relatives of the liberated slaves keep on overwhelming the populaces of these islands. Relatives of the Celts that were imported to Barbados are the absolute most unfortunate occupants there today. During the time of huge sugar estates and bondage, the islands were controlled by the governments of the Dutch, England, and Spain. Cuba, which had gone under Spanish standard, experienced during these years a harsh guideline. Barbados and the Netherlands Antilles were under pilgrim decide that was less abusive. The Spanish guideline in Cuba brought about a rebel contrary to Spanish principle in 1898, which eventually brought about the Spanish-American war. During this period, Cuba expelled the Spanish and it turned into an American protectorate. Barbados fared better during this period, however the descendent slave populace kept on living outside the standard political range. Barbados had disappointed the female vote and furthermore had a pay capability to have the option to cast a ballot. Distress toward the start of the twentieth century prompted enormous uprisings by the relatives of previous slaves. In 1942, the salary capability was brought and ladies were permitted down to cast a ballot. While the English governed Barbados was moving towards more prominent opportunity, Cuba was creeping into a progression of abusive fascisms. Fulgencio Batista was the military chief and later President of Cuba starting in 1933. Batista managed a degenerate and oppressive police state. During his standard, he frequently quieted his faultfinders through brutality, which brought forth a composed restriction drove by Fidel Castro. Castro's supporters had the option to remove Batista in 1959 when he fled the nation. At that point, Castro was viewed as a master vote based system development and self-rule was clearing the Caribbean countries. In 1954 the Netherlands Antilles had gotten an

Cyclothymia in Children and Adolescents

Cyclothymia in Children and Adolescents Depression Childhood Depression Print Cyclothymia in Children and Adolescents Symptoms, Treatment and Outcomes By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Image Source/Getty Images More in Depression Childhood Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Suicide Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, is a mood disorder in which a child experiences alternating episodes of hypomania and depressive symptoms. Cyclothymia is considered to be part of the bipolar disorder spectrum, with mild but chronic symptoms. The Course of Cyclothymia Cyclothymic disorder involves periods of depressive symptoms alternating with periods of hypomania, which is an elevated mood state. In order to receive a diagnosis of cyclothymia, a child must experience symptoms for at least one year, with no more than two months free of symptoms. The onset of cyclothymia typically begins in adolescence, although it may begin as early as childhood. Although the rates of cyclothymia and other bipolar disorders in children and adolescents are not well established, the National Institute  of Mental Health reports the rate of cyclothymia as approximately 1% in children, and as high as 3% in adolescents. A family history of bipolar or cyclothymic disorder is a risk factor for developing cyclothymia. Some research suggests that cyclothymia is a risk factor for developing bipolar II disorder. Symptoms of Cyclothymia Symptoms of cyclothymia are considered to be mild enough to function. However, a child often experiences significant impairment in important areas of daily functioning. Symptoms of cyclothymia may include: IrritabilityShort or quick temperVery little or no sleep, but not feeling tiredEasily distractedLack of concentrationOverly joyfulRecurring thoughts of death or suicideFast speechRacing thoughtsDifficulty completing a taskEngaging in excessive reckless behavior, such as fast driving, overspending, substance abuse, etc. Children or teens with cyclothymia may be described as unreliable, moody, or temperamental because of unpredictable or irritable moods. For a diagnosis of cyclothymia, the depressive symptoms must not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, and the hypomanic symptoms must not meet the criteria for mania. Additionally, symptoms must not be better explained by substance use or another psychiatric or medical illness. Treatment Options for Cyclothymia Once a child is evaluated and diagnosed, her physician will consider all factors of her situation and determine the most appropriate treatment for her. Mood stabilizing medications, like lithium and mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants, are known to be effective for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Psychotherapy has also been shown to be an effective accompanying treatment. Antidepressant medications may be prescribed, but need to be used cautiously in children and adolescents with a family history of bipolar disorder, as they can potentially contribute to manic episodes or increased mood cycling. Outcomes of Cyclothymia Even though cyclothymia is considered to be a chronic disorder, appropriate treatment can significantly help manage symptoms. Without treatment, however, short- and long-term consequences associated with cyclothymia are: Low self-esteemInterpersonal relationship difficultiesSubstance use and abuseAcademic declineIncreased risk for suicide attempt Less than half of people with cyclothymia end up developing bipolar disorder and in some people, cyclothymia actually disappears with time. When to Seek Help If your child or adolescent has symptoms of cyclothymia or another bipolar disorder, talk to her pediatrician or a mental health professional. Cyclothymia is a serious medical illness that requires treatment. Treatment can significantly reduce the severity of symptoms and potentially prevent future episodes.

The Denver Center For Performing Arts - 1255 Words

The production A Christmas Carol was performed at the Denver Center for Performing Arts located in Denver, Colorado. I had the pleasure to attend the show on December 14th in the Stage Theater and I was captivated. This show captured the essence of a theatrical production. To avoid false impressions, the production I saw was performed in 2013. This is a foretaste for those thinking about attending the future performance in 2016; especially those who desire the theater experience. The Denver Center for Performing Arts has an exceptional reputation. The theater complex is coined the second largest performing arts center compared to Broadway. Their qualitative productions can attest to this and A Christmas Carol is no exception. A Christmas Carol was originally a novel written by Charles Dickens and has been adapted into numerous renditions. The Denver Center for Performing Arts has audiences experience the story in a different way, through the art of theater. Director Bruce K. Sevy, playwright adaptor Richard Hellesen and composer David de Berry captured the nature of the classic story and made it into a family friendly production perfect for the holiday season. Having knowledge and involvement in both the acting and the technical aspects of theater, I expected the production to deliver a qualitative performance that gave its audience the full experience. This experience is achieved by the elements of theater such as acting, lights, sounds, props, costume and set designShow MoreRelatedMod Assistants : A Service Company1503 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction A. Description of the business MOD Assistants is a service company who is headquartered in downtown Denver and whose clients are in the Denver Metro area. Currently, Denver is the only location for the business, but they are planning on franchising and spreading to other cities in the U.S. MOD Assistants was founded in 2009 by Brenda Parker, the original owner. 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Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River StreetRead MoreLady Gaga case study11446 Words   |  46 Pagespublic-relations people might undertake. The role also differed depending upon an artist’s career stage: a manager’s responsibilities often grew as an artist’s career took off.7 â€Å"I am the hub for all activities. I think of myself as the air traffic control center—just without the terminals,† said Carter about his job. â€Å"The reality of being a talent manager is that I risk my job every week,† he added. â€Å"Lady Gaga trusts my decisions. We are about breaking boundaries, which means we do something different

Elasmotherium Facts and Figures

The largest of all the prehistoric rhinoceroses of the Pleistocene epoch, Elasmotherium was a truly massive piece of megafauna, and all the more imposing thanks to its thick, shaggy coat of fur (this mammal was closely related to the contemporary Coelodonta, also known as the woolly rhino) and the huge horn on the end of its snout. This horn, which was made of keratin (the same protein as human hair), may have reached five or six feet in length, and was likely a sexually selected characteristic, males with bigger horns able to better attract females during mating season. For all its size, bulk and presumed aggressiveness, though, Elasmotherium was still a relatively gentle herbivore--and one well-adapted to eating grass rather than leaves or shrubs, as evidenced by its almost comically heavy, flat teeth and lack of characteristic incisors. Elasmotherium consists of three species. E. caucasicum, as you can infer by its name, was discovered in the Caucasus region of central Asia in the early 20th century; almost a century later, in 2004, some of these specimens were reclassified as E. chaprovicum. The third species, E. sibiricum, is known from various Siberian and Russian fossils excavated in the early 19th century. Elasmotherium and its various species appear to have evolved from another, earlier elasmothere mammal of Eurasia, Sinotherium, which also lived during the late Pliocene epoch. As to the exact relationship of Elasmotherium to modern rhinoceroses, it appears to have been an intermediate form; rhino wouldnt necessarily be the first association a time traveler would make when glimpsing this beast for the first time! Since Elasmotherium survived up to the cusp of the modern era, only going extinct after the last Ice Age, it was well known to the early human settlers of Eurasia--and may well have inspired the Unicorn legend. (See 10 Mythical Beasts Inspired by Prehistoric Animals.) Stories of a mythical horned beast vaguely resembling Elasmotherium, and called the Indrik, can be found in medieval Russian literature, and a similar animal is referenced in ancient texts from Indian and Persian civilizations; one Chinese scroll refers to a quadruped with the body of a deer, the tail of a cow, the head of a sheep, the limbs of a horse, the hooves of a cow, and a big horn. Quite possibly, these stories were imported into medieval European culture via translation by monks or word of mouth by travelers, thus giving birth to what we know today as the one-horned Unicorn (which, granted, resembles a horse much more than it does a rhinoceros!) Name: Elasmotherium (Greek for plated beast); pronounced eh-LAZZ-moe-THEE-ree-um Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (two million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 3-4 tons Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; thick coat of fur; long, single horn on snout

Bacteria History and ecology Free Essays

The word ‘bacteria’ is normally associated with disease-causing organisms, like the Streptococcus bacteria. While there are a considerable number of pathogenic bacteria that are notorious for such diseases as cholera, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea, such disease-causing species are a comparatively tiny fraction of the bacteria as a whole. There are approximately five nonillion (5? 1030) bacteria in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacteria History and ecology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bacteria are so widespread that it is possible only to make the most general statements about their life history and ecology (Berkeley Free Clinic, 1). There are bacteria that plays important role in the global ecosystem. They may be found on the tops of mountains, the bottom of the deepest oceans, in the guts of animals, and even in the frozen rocks and ice of Antarctica. One feature that has enabled them to spread so far, and last so long is their ability to go dormant for an extended period. There are specific methods in order to study and observe bacteria because they are not visible to the naked eye. Even with the use of microscope they are very difficult to spot without adding some stains that would render them visible. DETAILS Properties Bacteria are prokaryotic (no membrane-enclosed nucleus) that do not contain mitochondria or chloroplasts. They have single chromosome that are composed of close circle of double-stranded DNA with no associated histones. If flagella are present, they are made of a single filament of the protein flagellin; there are none of the â€Å"9+2† tubulin-containing microtubules of the eukaryotes (Users. rcn. com, 1). Their ribosomes differ from those of the eukaryotes. Bacteria have a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan that allows them to survive at long periods of time. They do not perform mitosis and mostly reproduce through asexual reproduction. Any form of sexual reproduction varies differently from the eukaryotes because they do not perform meiosis. The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer but contains no cholesterol or other steroids (Users. rcn. com, 1). Most of bacteria form a single spore when their food supply runs low. This is the reason why pathogenic bacteria become infectious at the later part of the attack. Most of the water is removed from the spore and metabolism ceases. Spores are so resistant to adverse conditions of dryness and temperature that they may remain viable even after 50 years of dormancy (Users. rcn. com, 1). Environmental and Nutritive Requirements Most bacteria can be classified according to their response to oxygen. These are consist of three distinct group, Aerobic bacteria which thrives in the presence of oxygen, Anaerobic which cannot tolerate gaseous oxygen, and facultative anaerobes which prefer growing in the presence of oxygen but are able to survive without it. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for their continued growth and existence. On the other hand anaerobic cannot survive in the presence of gaseous oxygen. These bacteria live in deep underwater sediments, or in oxygen deprived environment such as those that cause bacterial food poisoning. Bacteria also differ in the mode and source of their energy. There are Heterotrophs that derive energy from breaking down complex organic compounds that they must take in from the environment. This includes saprobic bacteria found in decaying material, as well as those that rely on fermentation or respiration. The other group, the autotrophs, fix carbon dioxide to make their own food source; this may be fueled by light energy (photoautotrophic), or by oxidation of nitrogen, sulfur, or other elements (chemoautotrophic) (Berkeley Free Clinic, 2). Chemoautotrophs are uncommon while photoautotrophs are more common and quite diverse. One particular bacteria offers a very interesting behavior because they use hydrogen sulfide as hydrogen donor, instead of water like most other photosynthetic organisms, including cyanobacteria. There are green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria, Other Bacteria include the cyanobacteria, and purple nonsulfur bacteria. Role in the Global Ecosystem Bacteria play a very important role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. Through their ceaseless labor, they cycle nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. For example without bacteria to decompose rotten objects, our CO2 would have been depleted and all our plants would have ceased to exist. The process of decomposition releases nutrients back into the environment for plants and other living organisms. Bacteria also cycle nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen is important for plants health and growth. Without these cycling processes all our plants would die and then humanity would have ran out of food. Gram Stain Bacteria happens to have a refractive index similar to water, therefore they are very difficult to spot from an aqueous sample. To solve this problem, biological stains are added so that microorganisms can be visualized. Stains are classified as either simple or differential. Simple stains impart the same color to all structures whereas differential stains contain more than one dye and impart different colors to various structures(Delost, 39). One very important method is the Gram Stain, which was first introduced by Hans Christian Gram in the late 1800s. It has been modified and adjusted numerous times. The Gram stain will differentiate gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria (Delost, 39). Gram stain is one form of a differential stain that is widely even in the methods. It consists of several reagents such as crystal violet, Gram’s iodine, ethyl alcohol or acetone, and safranin O or carbulfuchsin. Bibliography Unknown. (2000). Bacteria: Life History and Ecology. Retrieved on February 18, 2007 from the Berkeley Free Clinic website: http://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/bacteria/bacterialh. html Unkown. (2006). Bacteria. Retrieved on February 18, 2007 from the Users. rcn. com website: http://users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Eubacteria. Delost, M. Introduction to Diagnostic Microbiology. (1997). Harcourt Brace Company Asia Pte Ltd. . How to cite Bacteria History and ecology, Papers

Theory Building Essay Essay Example

Theory Building Essay Essay Some of the theories used to explicate different facets of organisational direction include Maslow’s Hierarchical Theory of Needs and Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory. Harmonizing to Maslow’s theory physiological demands supervene psychological demands. Maslow’s theory provinces that certain demands which are congenital internal motives influence the determinations made by persons ( Landy A ; Conte. 2006. p. 335 ) . His theory allowed for the environment to play a important function in motivated behaviour by proposing that one time a set of demands are satisfied by environmental forces. the following higher demands are activated in an person. As opposed to Maslow’s theory. Freud places accent on the function of an individual’s head [ specifically his unconscious head ] in the finding of an individual’s motive. Within Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory. an individual’s unconscious desires find his motives. Both theories can be used to explicate the motives behind individual’s actions and determinations within the field of concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Building Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Building Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Building Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer How do propositions and hypotheses differ? Harmonizing to Zikmund ( 1988 ) a proposition is â€Å"a statement concerned with the relationship among constructs. It is an averment of a cosmopolitan connexion between events that have certain properties† ( p. 44 ) . As opposed to this. a hypothesis is â€Å"an unproved proposition or guess that tentatively explains certain facts or phenomena. It is a proposition that is through empirical observation testable† ( Zikmund. 1988. p. 45 ) . The chief difference between the two may be traced to the investigatory usage of a hypothesis as the hypothesis is used to look into and prove a claim. It is of import to observe that the hypothesis itself is a proposition ; the difference of a hypothesis from other propositions simply lies in its usage to verify or distort a claim. Given this context one might thereby province that although a hypothesis is a proposition non all propositions are hypotheses. How make constructs differ from variables? Harmonizing to Zikmund ( 1988 ) a construct refers to a â€Å"generalized thought about a category of objects. properties. happenings. or procedure that have been given a name† ( p. 41 ) . As opposed to this. a variable is â€Å"a construct whose value changes from instance to case† ( Macionis A ; Plummer. 2005. p. 51 ) . See for illustration the construct ‘price’ wherein ‘price’ refers to the value of an object. Within the context of the section shop. the ‘price’ of different objects differ from each other due to the differences of the factors used in finding the value of an object. In add-on to this although some constructs may match to a set of empirical steps. non all constructs do as opposed to variables that may match to two or more values. Remark on this statement: â€Å"There is nil every bit practical as a good theory. † A theory refers to a â€Å"coherent set of general propositions used to explicate the evident relationships among certain ascertained phenomena† ( Zikmund. 1988. p. 41 ) . Theories are of import as they provide a model for the analysis of a peculiar event. A theory may thereby supply an person with the necessary premises that may follow the ground for the happening of a peculiar event. In a sense. one might province that it provides an person with the causal account on how an event Q was caused by an event P. It is necessary nevertheless that the theory used for the account is a good theory. A good theory here refers to a theory whose â€Å"empirical content is less than or equal to the ‘logical content’† ( Boland. 1989. p. 56 ) . Such is the feature of a good theory since it ensures that the theory is through empirical observation verifiable and therefore testable. Given this context. there is nil every bit practical as a good theory since it ensures that one’s accounts for the happening of a peculiar event is continuously verifiable and hence testable and thereby easy proven to be valid easy. The 17th-century Dutch philosopher Benedict Spinoza said. â€Å"If the facts conflict with a theory. either the theory must be changed or the facts. † Harmonizing to Spinoza. when facts conflict with a theory there is a necessity to either alter the theory or alter the facts in order to guarantee the theory’s cogency. A theory is either formulated through the usage of inductive logical thinking or deductive logical thinking. Deductive concluding refers to â€Å"the logical procedure of deducing a decision about a specific case based on a known general premiss or something known to be true† ( Zikmund. 1988. p. 46 ) . Inductive logical thinking. on the other manus. refers to the â€Å"the logical procedure of set uping a general proposition on the footing of observation of peculiar facts† ( Zikmund. 1988. p. 47 ) . In the instance of a theory formulated utilizing a deductive statement. there is a demand to measure the cogency of propositions [ facts ] in order to guarantee the cogency and soundness of the statement. In the instance of inductive statements. the alteration or add-on of a proposition [ facts ] alterations the decision thereby taking to the alteration of the theory itself. Find another definition of theory. How is the definition you found similar to this book’s definition? How is it different? Kerlinger ( 1979 ) defines a theory as â€Å"a set of interconnected concepts ( variables ) . definitions. and propositions that presents a systematic position of phenomenon by stipulating dealingss among variables. with the intent of explicating natural phenomena† ( qtd in Creswell. 2002. p. 120 ) . As opposed to this Zikmund ( 1988 ) defines a theory as a â€Å"coherent set of general propositions used to explicate the evident relationships among certain ascertained phenomena† ( p. 41 ) . As can be seen above. both definitions note that a theory is composed of more abstract constituents in the signifier of propositions wherein each proposition is interrelated in such a manner that when combined together they formulate one coherent and systematic worldview. The difference of Kerlinger’s definition nevertheless may be traced to his add-on of what a theory is seeking to explicate that being ‘natural phenomena’ . Hence. Zikmund’s definition may be seen as showing a wide definition of a theory whereas Kerlinger narrows his definition by saying what a theory refers to. Mentions Boland. L. ( 1989 ) . The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology After Samuelson. London: Routledge. Creswell. J. ( 2002 ) . Research Design: Qualitative. Quantitative. and Assorted Method Approaches. London: Sage. Landy. F. A ; J. Conte. ( 2006 ) . Work in the twenty-first Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. London: Routledge. Macionis. J. A ; K. Plummer. ( 2005 ) . Sociology: A Global Introduction. Neptunium: Pearson. Zikmund. W. ( 1988 ) . Business Research Methods. California: University of California Press.